Past approaches to the study of language and the brain have focused largely on the contributions of Broca's and Wernicke's areas. By using advanced neuroimaging techniques with individuals who have aphasia, we have now learned that language is an extraordinarily complex system that requires an extensive and interactive network of brain regions to sustain it. We have also learned that an intricate system of fiber pathways connect these regions together and has been underestimated in terms of its importance in supporting language. This information has advanced our understanding of how the brain processes language in important ways, while inviting future investigations to embrace novel approaches to the study of brain-behavior relationships.