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Jack Block Emeritus Ph.D., Stanford University Departmental Area(s): Social/Personality Professor Block is retired and not accepting new students. Curriculum Vitea Articles Online Books & Tests Selected Publications Articles online Block, Jack (1995). A contrarian view of the five-factor approach to personality description. (article 1) Block, Jack (1993). On the relation between IQ, impulsivity, and delinquency: Remarks on the Lynam, Moffitt, and Southamer-Loeber (1993) interpretation. (article 17) Block, J. (1993). Studying personality the long way. (PDF: 558 KB) Shedler, Jonathan, and Block, Jack (1990). Adolescent drug use and psychological health: A longitudinal inquiry. (article 3) Block, Jack, and Block, Jeanne H. (1988). Longitudinally foretelling drug use in adolescence: Early childhood personality and environmental precursors. (Warning: large PDF file size: 1 MB) Block, Jack (1960). On the number of significant findings to be expected by chance. (Warning: large PDF file size: 9 MB) Block, Jack (1957). A study of affective responsiveness in a lie-detection situation. (PDF: 157 KB) July 2003 Books and Tests Block, J. (1961). The Q-Sort Method in Personality Assessment and Psychiatric Research. Springfield, Illinois: C.C. Thomas. (Reprinted by Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, California in 1978). Block, J. (1962). The California Q-set. Palo Alto, California: Consulting Psychologists Press. Block, J. (1965). The Challenge of Response Sets: Unconfounding Meaning, Acquiescence and Social Desirability in the MMPI. New York: Appleton-Century- Crofts. Block, J. (1971). Lives through time. Berkeley, California: Bancroft Books. Block, J. & Block, J. H. (1980). The California Child Q-set. Palo Alto, California: Consulting Psychologists Press. Olweus, D., Block, J., & Radke-Yarrow, M. (Eds.) (1986). Development of antisocial and prosocial behavior: Research, theories, and issues. New York: Academic Press, 1986. Block, J. (1990). The California Q-set (CAQ-90, revised form). Palo Alto, California: Consulting Psychologists Press. Block, J. (2002). Personality as an affect-processing system. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Journal Articles and Book Chapters Block, J., Levine, L., & McNemar, Q. (1951). Testing for the existence of psychometric patterns. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 46, 356-359. Block, J., & Block, J. H. (1951). An investigation of the relationship between intolerance of ambiguity and ethnocentrism. Journal of Personality, 19, 303-311. Block, J. H., & Block, J. (1952). An interpersonal experiment on reactions to authority. Human Relations, 5, 91-98. Ruesch, J., Block, J. & Bennett, L. (1953). The assessment of communication: I. A method for the analysis of social interaction. Journal of Psychology, 35, 59-80. Block, J. (1952). The assessment of communication: II. Role variations as a function of interactional context. Journal of Personality, 21, 272-286. Block, J., & Bennett, L. (1955). The assessment of communication. III. Perceptions and transmission as a function of the social situation. Human Relations, 8, 317-325. Block, J., & Thomas, H. (1955). Is satisfaction with self a measure of adjustment? Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 5l, 254-259. Block, J., & Petersen, P. (1955). Some personality correlates of confidence, caution and speed in a decision situation. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 51, 34-41. Block, J. (1955). Personality characteristics associated with fathers' attitudes toward child rearing. Child Development, 26, 41-48. Block, J. (1955). The difference between Q and R. Psychological Review, 62, 356-358. Block, J. (1956). A comparison of the forced and unforced Q-sorting procedures. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 16, 481-493. Block, J. (1957). A comparison between ipsative and normative ratings of personality. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 54, 50-54. Block, J., & Baker, B. O. (1957). Accuracy of interpersonal prediction as a function of judge and object characteristics. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 54, 37-43. Block, J. (1957). A study of affective responsiveness in a lie-detection situation. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 55, 11-15. Block, J. (1957). Studies in the phenomenology of emotion. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 54, 358-363. Block, J. (1958). An unprofitable application of the semantic differential. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 22, 235-236. Jackson, D., Block, J., Block, J. H., & Patterson, V. (1958). Psychiatrists' conceptions of schizophrenic parents. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 79, 448-459. Block, J. H., Patterson, V., Block, J., & Jackson, D. (1958). A study of the parents of schizophrenic and neurotic children. Psychiatry, 21, 387-397. Block, J., & Chang, J. (1960). A study of identification in male homosexuals. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24, 307-310. Block, J. (1960). Commonality in word association and personality. Psychological Reports, 7, 332. Block, J. (1960). On the number of significant findings to be expected by chance. Psychometrika, 25, 369-380. Patterson, V., Block, J. H., Block, J., & Jackson, D. (1960). The relation between intention to conceive and symptoms during pregnancy. Psychosomatic Medicine, 22, 373-376. Block, J. (1961). A perspective on the MacAndrew-Geertsma reanalysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 17, 89-90. Block, J. (1961). Ego identity, role variability, and adjustment. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 25, 392-397. Block, J. (1961). Ego strength and conflict discrimination: A failure to replicate. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 25, 551-552. Block, J. (1961). Review of M. Demartino (Ed.), Dreams and Personality Dynamics. American Journal of Psychology, 74, 162. Block, J. (1962). Measurement dimensions in a palmar resistance situation. Psychological Reports, 11, 319-331. Block, J. (1962). Measuring personality change. In H. H. Strupp & L. Luborsky (Eds.), Research in Psychotherapy, (Vol. II, pp. 271-272). Washington, D. C.: American Psychological Association. Block, J. (1962). Some differences between the concepts of social desirability and adjustment. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 26, 527-530. Block, J. (1963). The equivalence of measures and the correction for attenuation. Psychological Bulletin, 60, 152-156. Block, J., & Turula, E. (1963). Identification, ego control and adjustment. Child Development, 34, 945-954. Block, J. (1964). Recognizing attenuation effects in the strategy of research. Psychological Bulletin, 62, 214-216. Moyles, C., Tuddenham, R., & Block, J. (1965). Simplicity/ complexity or symmetry/asymmetry? A reanalysis of the Barron-Welsh Art Scale. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 20, 685-690. Block, J. (1967). Remarks on Jackson's "Review" of Block's Challenge of Response Sets. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 27, 499-502. Block, J. (1968). Personality measurement. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 12, (pp.30-37). New York: The Macmillan Company. Block, J. (1968). Some reasons for the apparent inconsistency of personality. Psychological Bulletin, 70, 210-212. Block, J. (1968). Review of I. A. Berg (Ed.), Response Set in Personality Assessment. Contemporary Psychology, 13, 90-92. Siegelman, E., & Block, J. (1969). Two parallel scalable sets of Piagetian tasks. Child Development, 40, 951-956. Block, J. (1970). Amendation to Cohen's cautions regarding the measurement of profile similarity. Psychological Bulletin, 73, 307-308. Siegelman, E., Block, J., Block, J. H., & von der Lippe, A. (1970). Antecedents of optimal psychological adjustment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 35, 283-289. Block, J. (1970). Review of A. Mehrabian, An Analysis of Personality Theories. Contemporary Psychology, 15, 4. Block, J. (1971). On further conjectures regarding acquiescence. Psychological Bulletin, 76, 205-210. Block, J., Block, J. H., Siegelman, E., & von der Lippe, A. (1971). Optimal psychological adjustment: Response to Miller's and Bronfenbrenner's discussions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 36, 325-328. Block, J. (1972). The shifting definitions of acquiescence. Psychological Bulletin, 78, 10-12. Block, J., von der Lippe, A., & Block, J. H. (1973). Sex-role and socialization patterns: Some personality concomitants and environmental antecedents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 41, 321-341. Patterson, V., Block, J. H., & Block, J. (1973). Attitudinal and developmental data from parents of disturbed and normal children. In S. A. Szurek & I. N. Berlin (Eds.), Clinical Studies in Childhood Psychoses (pp. 450-463). New York: Brunner Mazel. Block, J., Block, J. H., & Harrington, D. M. (1974). Some misgivings about the Matching Familiar Figures Test as a measure of reflection-impulsivity. Developmental Psychology, 10, 611-632. Block, J., Block, J. H., & Harrington, D. M. (1975). Comment on the Kagan-Messer reply. Developmental Psychology, 11, 249-252. Werner, P. D., & Block, J. (1975). Sex differences in the eyes of expert personality assessors: Unwarranted conclusions. Journal of Personality Assessment, 39, 110-113. Block, J. (1975). Change and sameness in personality development: Unwarranted conclusions. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 6, 277-281. Block, J. (1976). Review of R. Coles, The Mind's Fate: Ways of Seeing Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis. Contemporary Psychology, 21, 507. Block, J. (1977). Advancing the psychology of personality: Paradigmatic shift or improving the quality of research? In D. Magnusson & N. S. Endler (Eds.), Psychology at the Crossroads: Current Issues in Interactional Psychology (pp. 37-63). Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Block, J. H., Block, J., & Folkman, W. S. (1978). Fire and Children: Learning survival skills. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Research Paper PSW-119. (Also in: Resources in Education, 1978, February. (Abstract No. 144 720) Block, J. (1977). An illusory interpretation of the first factor of the MMPI. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 45, 930-935. Block, J. (1977). Correlational bias in observer ratings: Another perspective on the Berman-Kenny study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 870-880. Block, J. (1977). The P-scale and psychosis: Continued concerns. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 86, 431-434. Block, J. (1977). The Eysencks and psychoticism. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 86, 653-654. Block, J. & Block, J. H. (1977). The developmental continuity of ego control and ego resiliency: Some accomplishments and some problems. Resources in Education, December. (Abstract No. 142274) Harrington, D. M., Block, J. H., & Block, J. (1978). Intolerance of ambiguity in preschool children: Psychometric considerations, behavioral manifestations and parental correlates. Developmental Psychology, 4, 247-256. Block, J. (1978). Test review of H. J. Eysenck & B. G. Eysenck, The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. In O. Buros (Ed.), The Eighth Mental Measurements Yearbook (pp.805-809). New Jersey: The Gryphon Press. Block, J. (1978). Claridge and Birchall, different forms of the P Scale, and dependable moderators. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 669-672. Block, J. (1978). Review of G. Vaillant, Adaptation to life. Contemporary Psychology, 23, 538-539. Block, J., Weiss, D. S., & Thorne, A. (1979). How relevant is a semantic similarity interpretation of personality ratings? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1055-1074. Block, J. H., & Block, J. (1980). The role of ego-control and ego-resiliency in the organization of behavior. In W. A. Collins (Ed.), The Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology (Vol. 13, pp. 39-101). Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates (Wiley). Buss, D. M., Block, J. H., & Block, J. (1980). Preschool activity level: Personality correlates and developmental implications. Child Development, 51, 401-408. Block, J. (1980). From infancy to adulthood: A clarification. Child Development, 51, 622-623. Block, J. (1981). Some enduring and consequential structures of personality. In A. I. Rabin (Ed.), Further explorations in personality (pp. 27-43). New York: Wiley. Block, J., & Block, J. H. (1981). Studying situational dimensions: A grand perspective and some limited empiricism. In D. M. Magnusson (Ed.), Toward a psychology of situations: An interactional perspective (pp. 85-103). Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Block, J., Buss, D. M., Block, J. H., & Gjerde, P. (1981). The cognitive style of breadth of categorization: The longitudinal consistency of personality correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 770-779. Block, J. H., Block, J., & Morrison, A. (1981). Parental agreement-disagreement on child rearing orientations and gender-related personality correlates in children. Child Development, 52, 965-974. Block, J. (1981). Review of J. Loevinger, Scientific Ways in the Study of Ego Development. Contemporary Psychology, 26, 245-246. Block, J. (1981). Review of O.G. Brim, Jr. & J. Kagan (Eds.), Constancy and Change in Human Development. Contemporary Psychology, 26, 746-750. Block, J. (1982). Assimilation, accommodation, and the dynamics of personality development. Child Development, 53, 281-295. Block, J., & Ozer, D. J. (1982). Two types of psychologists: Remarks on the Mendelsohn, Weiss and Feimer contribution. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 1171-1181. Funder, D. C., Block, J. H., & Block, J. (1983). Delay of gratification: Some longitudinal personality correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 1198-1213. Harrington, D. M., Block, J., & Block, J. H. (1983). Predicting creativity in preadolescence from divergent thinking in early childhood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 609-623. Block, J., & Lanning, K. (1984). Attribution therapy requestioned: A secondary analysis of the Wilson-Linville study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 705-708. Block, J. H., & Block, J. (1984). A longitudinal study of personality and cognitive development. In S. Mednick, M. Harway, & K. M. Finello (Eds.), Handbook of longitudinal research, Vol. 1. Birth and childhood cohorts (pp. 328-352). New York: Praeger Press. Keyes, S., & Block, J. (1984). Prevalence and patterns of substance use among early adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 13, 1-14. Roberts, G. C., Block, J. H., & Block, J. (1984). Continuity and change in parents' child rearing practices. Child Development, 55, 586-597. Gjerde, P., Block, J., & Block,J. H. (1985). The longitudinal consistency of Matching Familiar Figures Test performance from early childhood to preadolescence. Developmental Psychology, 21, 262-271. Block, J., & Gjerde, P. F. (1986). Distinguishing between antisocial behavior and undercontrol. In D. Olweus, J. Block, & M. Radke-Yarrow (Eds.), Development of antisocial and prosocial behavior: Research, theories, and issues (pp. 177-206). New York: Academic Press. Block, J. H., Block, J., & Gjerde, P. F. (1986). The personality of children prior to divorce: A prospective study. Child Development, 57, 827-840. Gjerde, P. F., Block, J., & Block, J. H. (1986). Egocentrism and ego-resiliency: Personality characteristics associated with perspective-taking from early childhood to adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 423-434. Olweus, D., Block, J., & Radke-Yarrow, M. (1986). Introduction. In D. Olweus, J. Block, & M. Radke-Yarrow (Eds.), Development of antisocial and prosocial behavior: Research, theories, and issues (pp. 1-9). New York: Academic Press. Block, J., Gjerde, P.F., & Block, J. H. (1986). Continuity and transformation in the psychological meaning of category breadth. Developmental Psychology, 22, 832-840. Block, J., Gjerde, P., & Block, J. H. (1986). More misgivings about the Matching Familiar Figures Test as a measure of reflection-impulsivity: Absence of construct validity in preadolescence. Developmental Psychology, 22, 820-831. Block, J., & Funder, D. C. (1986). Social roles and social perception: Individual differences in attribution and "error." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1200-1207. Harrington, D. M., Block, J. H., & Block, J. (1987). Testing aspects of Carl Rogers' theory of creative environments: Child-rearing antecedents of creative potential in young adolescents. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 851-860. Block, J. (1987). Misgivings about the Matching Familiar Figures Test: Premature or overdue? Developmental Psychology, 23, 740-741. Block, J., Block, J. H., & Gjerde, P. F. (1988). Parental functioning and the home environment in families of divorce: Prospective and concurrent analyses. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 207-213. Block, J., Block, J. H., & Keyes, S. (1988). Longitudinally foretelling drug usage in adolescence: Early childhood personality and environmental precursors. Child Development, 59, 336-355. Vaughn, B. E., Block, J. H., & Block, J. (1988). Parental agreement on child-rearing during early childhood and the psychological characteristics of adolescents. Child Development, 59, 1029-1033. Gjerde, P. F., & Block, J. (1988). Depressive symptomatology and personality during late adolescence: Gender differences in the externalization-internalization of symptom expression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 475-486. Block, J. (1989). A critique of the Act Frequency Approach to personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 234-245. Funder, D. C., & Block, J. (1989). The role of ego-control, ego-resiliency, and IQ in delay of gratification in adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1041-1050. Shedler, J., & Block, J. (1990). Adolescent drug use and psychological health: A longitudinal inquiry. American Psychologist, 45, 612-630). Block, J. (1990). Review of E. Mavis Hetherington, Richard M. Lerner, & Marion Perlmutter (Eds.), Child Development in Life-Span Perspective. Contemporary Psychology. 35, 672-674. Block, J. (1990). More remarks on social desirability. American Psychologist, 45, 1076-1077. Gjerde, P. F., Block, J., & Block, J. H. (1991). Preadolescent antecedents of depressive symptomatology at age 18: A prospective study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 1, 215-230. Block, J., & Gjerde, P. F. (1990). Depressive symptomatology in late adolescence: A longitudinal perspective on personality antecedents. In J. E. Rolf, A. Masten, D. Cicchetti, K. Neuchterlein, & S. Weintraub (Eds.), Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology (pp. 334-360). New York: Cambridge University Press. Block, J. (1990). Biography of Jeanne Humphrey Block. In A. N. O'Connell & N. F. Russo (Eds.), Women in Psychology (pp. 40-48). New York: Greenwood Press. Block, J. (1990). Review of Michael Rutter (Ed.), Studies of psychosocial risk: The power of longitudinal data. Human Development, 33, 321-324. Kogan, N. & Block, J. (1991). Field dependence-independence from early childhood through adolescence: Personality and socialization aspects. In S. Wapner & J. Demick (Eds.) Bio-psycho-social factors in the field dependence-independence cognitive style across the life span (pp. 177-207). Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Block, J., Gjerde, P. F., & Block, J. H. (1991). Personality antecedents of depressive tendencies in 18-year-olds: A prospective study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 726-738. Gjerde, P. F., Block, J., & Block, J. H. (1991). The pre-school family context of 18-year-olds with depressive symptoms: A prospective study. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 1, 63-91. Caspi, A., Block, J., Block, J. H., Klopp, B., Lynam, D., Moffitt, T. E., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1992). A "common-language" version of the California Child Q-set for personality assessment. Psychological Assessment, 4, 512-523. Block, J. (1993). Studying personality the long way. In D. C. Funder, R. Parke, R., C. Tomlinson-Keasy, & K. Widaman (Eds.), Studying lives through time: Approaches to personality and development (pp. 9-41). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Block, J. & Robins, R. W. (1993). A longitudinal study of consistency and change in self-esteem from early adolescence to early adulthood. Child Development, 94, 909-923. Block, J. (1993). Paradox lost. Psychological Inquiry, 4, 272-273. Westenberg, M., & Block, J. (1993). Ego development and individual differences in personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 792-800. Colvin, C. R. & Block, J. (1994). Do positive illusions foster mental health? An evaluation of the Taylor and Brown formulation. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 3-20. Block, J., & Colvin, C. R. (1994). Positive illusions and wellbeing: Separating fiction from fact. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 28. Block, J. (1995). A contrarian view of the five-factor approach to personality description. Pychological Bulletin, 117, 187-215. Block, J. (1995). Going beyond the five factors given: Rejoinder to Costa and McCrae and to Goldberg and Saucier. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 226-229. Samuels, C. A., & Block, J. (1995). Eye color and behavioral inhibition. Journal of Research in Personality, 29, 139-144. Block, J. (1995). Interesting questions. Addiction, 90, 764-765. Colvin, C. R., Block, J., & Funder, D. C. (1995). Overly-positive self evaluations and personality: Negative implications for mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 1152-1162. Block, J. (1995). On the relation between IQ, impulsivity, and delinquency: Remarks on the Lynam, Moffitt, and Stouthamer-Loeber interpretation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 395-398. Block, J. (1996). Some jangly remarks on Baumeister and Heatherton. Psychological Inquiry, 7, 28-32. Block, J., & Kremen, A. (1996). IQ and Ego-resiliency: Clarifying their conceptual and empirical linkage and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 349-361. Gjerde, P. F., & Block, J. (1996). A developmental perspective on depressive symptoms in adolescence: Gender differences in autocentric-allocentric modes of impulse regulation. In D. Cicchetti & S. L. Toth (Eds.), Adolescence, Opportunities, and Challenges: Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology (Vol. 7)(pp. 167-196). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press. Colvin, C. R., Block, J., & Funder, D. C. (1996). Psychometric truths in the absence of psychological meaning: A reply to Zuckerman and Knee. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1252-1255. Block, J., & Kogan, N. (1998). Parental teaching strategies and children’s cognitive style. International Journal of Educational Research, 29, 187-204. Cramer, P., & Block, J. (1998). Preschool antecedents of defense mechanism use in young adults: A longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 159-169. Block, J. (1999). Regarding "A person-centered approach to development: The temporal consistency of personality and self-concept." In (F. E. Weinert & W. Schneider (Eds.). Individual development from 3 to 12: Findings from a longitudinal study, (320-323. New York: Cambridge University Press. Kremen, A. M. & Block, J. (1998). The roots of ego-control: The role of childhood parental factors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75,1062-1075. Block, J. (2000). Three tasks for personality psychology. In L. R. Bergman, R. B. Cairns, L. G. Nilsson, & L. Nystedt (Eds.). Developmental science and the holistic approach, (pp. 155-164). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Block, J. (2001). Millennial contrarianism. Journal of Research in Personality, 35, 98-107. Onishi, M., Gjerde, P. F., & Block, J. (2001). Personality implications of romantic attachment patterns in young adults: A multi-method, multi-informant study. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 1097-1110. Block, J., Block, J. H., & Keyes, S. (1988). Longitudinally foretelling drug usage in adolescence: Early childhood personality and environmental precursors. Child Development, 59, 336-355. Kremen, A. M, & Block, J. (2002). Absorption: Construct explication by Q-sort assessments of personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 36, 252-259.
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